Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital and the most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 million in the 2020 census, it is also the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan and the 10th largest urban area in the world with more than 19 million inhabitants.Osaka was traditionally considered Japan’s economic hub. By the Kofun period it had developed into an important regional port, and in the 7th and 8th centuries, it served briefly as the imperial capital. Osaka continued to flourish during the Edo period and became known as a center of Japanese culture. Following the Meiji Restoration, Osaka greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization. In 1889, Osaka was officially established as a municipality. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by the 1900s, Osaka was the industrial hub in the Meiji and Taishō periods.
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Japan (日本, Nippon or Nihon) is an archipelago country in East Asia, located in the northwest Pacific Ocean.
It is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan and extends from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south.
Part of the Ring of Fire, Japan spans an archipelago of 6852 islands covering 377,975 square kilometers (145,937 sq mi); the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa.
Tokyo is Japan’s metropolis and largest city; other major cities include Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto.
Japan is divided into 47 administrative prefectures and eight traditional regions.
The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37.4 million residents.
Japan is the eleventh most crowded country in the world, as well as one of the most densely populated and urbanized.
About three-fourths of the country’s terrain is mountainous, concentrating its population of 125.36 million on narrow coastal plains.
Japan has been inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic period (30,000 BC), though the first written mention of the archipelago appears in a Chinese chronicle finished in the 2nd century AD.
Between the 4th and 9th centuries, the kingdoms of Japan became unified under an emperor and the imperial court based in Heian-kyō.
Starting in the 12th century, political authority was held by a series of military dictators (shōgun) and feudal lords (daimyō), and enforced by a class of warrior nobility (samurai).
After a century-long period of civil war, the country was reunified in 1603 under the Tokugawa shogunate, which enacted an isolationist foreign policy.
In 1854, a United States fleet pushed Japan to open trade to the West, which led to the end of the shogunate and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan adopted a Western-modeled constitution and pursued a program of industrialization and modernization.
In 1937, Japan invaded China; in 1941, it entered World War II as an Axis power.
After suffering defeat in the Pacific War and two atomic bombings, Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under a seven-year Allied occupation, during which it adopted a new constitution.
Under the 1947 law, Japan has maintained a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, the National Diet.
Japan is a magnificent power and a member of numerous international organizations, including the United Nations (since 1956), the OECD, and the Group of Seven.
Although it has renounced its right to declare war, the country maintains Self-Defense Forces that rank as one of the world’s strongest militaries.
After World War II, Japan experienced record growth in an economic miracle, becoming the second-largest economy in the world by 1990.
As of 2021, the country’s economy is the third-largest by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by PPP. Japan has made significant contributions to science and technology, a global leader in automotive and electronics manufacturers.
Rated “very powerful” on the Human Development Index, Japan has the world’s highest life expectancy, though it is experiencing a population decline.
The culture of Japan is well known around the world, including its art, cuisine, music, and popular culture, which encompasses prominent comic, animation, and video game manufacturers.
Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital and the most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2.7 million in the 2020 census, it is also the largest component of the Keihanshin Metropolitan Area, the second-largest metropolitan area in Japan and the 10th largest urban area in the world with more than 19 million inhabitants.Osaka was traditionally considered Japan’s economic hub. By the Kofun period it had developed into an important regional port, and in the 7th and 8th centuries, it served briefly as the imperial capital. Osaka continued to flourish during the Edo period and became known as a center of Japanese culture. Following the Meiji Restoration, Osaka greatly expanded in size and underwent rapid industrialization. In 1889, Osaka was officially established as a municipality. The construction boom accelerated population growth throughout the following decades, and by the 1900s, Osaka was the industrial hub in the Meiji and Taishō periods.
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